Epidemiology of cleft lip and palate of the Cleft Lip and Palate Program of the Clínica Amistad of the Centro Médico ABC

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate are the most common craniofacial anomalies, with an incidence of 1:500 to 1:700 births, more frequent in males (2:1) and with higher prevalence in Asia and America. Its etiology is multifactorial, linked to factors such as exposure to pesticides, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, infections, smoking, alcohol, medications, and deficiencies in vitamins and folic acid. Objective: To analyze the epidemiology of this malformation at the Amistad Clinic of the ABC Medical Center, evaluating factors such as gender, family history, prenatal risks, folic acid consumption, and nutritional status. Material and methods: Cohort, observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study using surveys. Results were analyzed using numerical scales, percentages, and proportions. Results: The population mainly resides in the State of Mexico and Mexico City, with a higher incidence in males (65%). 32.5% have a family history, and 34.5% of mothers were exposed to smoking. Only 12% of mothers took folic acid 3 months before conception, while 81% took it during the first trimester. The most common clinical presentation was unilateral left cleft lip and palate (29%). Conclusions: Malformations represent a multidimensional challenge that affects the integral development of individuals and society.