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Undetected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult men with substance dependence
Undetected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult men with substance dependence
Arturo García-Galicia 1 
, Alejandra Aréchiga-Santamaría 2, Mauricio Galindo-Arzate 3, Akihiki M. González-López 4, Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín 5 , Nancy R. Bertado-Ramírez 1 , Itzel Gutiérrez-Gabriel 6, Marco A. González-Martínez 7, Jorge Loría-Castellanos 8
1 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Pue., México; 2 Servicio de Neuropsicología Infantil, Centro de Atención Integral Infantil GARE, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 3 Órgano de Operación y Administración Descentralizada Puebla, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 4 Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 6, IMSS, Puebla, México; 5 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Gral. de Div. Manuel Ávila Camacho, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Puebla, México; 6 Órgano de Operación y Administración Descentralizada Puebla, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 57, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 7 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, IMSS, Puebla, México; 8 Coordinación de Proyectos Especiales en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
*Correspondence: Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín. Email: alvaro.montielj@imss.gob.mx
Abstract
Introduction: Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at high risk of alcohol and drug use. The association between ADHD and substances abuse is common.
Objective: To identify the presence of undetected ADHD in adult men with dependence on substances of abuse in the Family Medicine Unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute in Puebla, México.
Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study in adult men treated in an addiction support group in a Family Medicine Unit, with informed consent. Patients with psychiatric diagnoses, and/or visual/hearing impairment, were excluded. ADHD, alcohol dependence, nicotine, cannabis, and cocaine were detected. Descriptive statistics and χ2 were used.
Results: One hundred patients were recruited, mean age 37 years (± 8.1); 42% presented a diagnosis of ADHD, with alcohol dependence 66.6%, nicotine dependence 69.04%, cocaine use and/or cannabis 19.09%. The group without ADHD reported 48.27% risk alcohol consumption, 75.86% nicotine dependence, and no consumption of other substances. Association between ADHD was found and alcohol abuse (p = 0.002), cannabis, cocaine’s or both (p = 0.007), for nicotine (p = 0.269).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ADHD in patients with addictions is 42%. Adults with ADHD have cognitive and social problems.
Keywords: Adult. Alcoholism. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Men. substance-related disorders. Tobacco use disorder.
