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Undetected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult men with substance dependence
Undetected attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult men with substance dependence
Arturo García-Galicia 1 
, Alejandra Aréchiga-Santamaría 2, Mauricio Galindo-Arzate 3, Akihiki M. González-López 4, Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín 1 , Nancy R. Bertado-Ramírez 5 , Itzel Gutiérrez-Gabriel 6, Marco A. González-Martínez 7, Jorge Loría-Castellanos 8
1 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Centro Médico Nacional Gral. de Div. Manuel Ávila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 2 Servicio de Neuropsicología Infantil, Centro de Atención Integral Infantil GARE, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 3 Órgano de Operación y Administración Descentralizada Puebla, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 4 Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 6, IMSS, Puebla, México; 5 Directorate of Health Education and Research, Centro Médico Nacional Gral. de Div. Manuel Ávila Camacho. Puebla, Pue., Mexico; 6 Órgano de Operación y Administración Descentralizada Puebla, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 57, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla de Zaragoza, Pue., México; 7 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Centro Médico Nacional General de División Manuel Ávila Camacho, IMSS, Puebla, México; 8 Centro de Simulación, Universidad Anáhuac, Ciudad de México. México
*Correspondence: Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín. Email: dralmoja@hotmail.com
Abstract
Introduction: Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at high risk of alcohol and drug use. The association between ADHD and substances abuse is common.
Objective: To identify the presence of undetected ADHD in adult men with dependence on substances of abuse in the Family Medicine Unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute in Puebla, México.
Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study in adult men treated in an addiction support group in a Family Medicine Unit, with informed consent. Patients with psychiatric diagnoses, and/or visual/hearing impairment, were excluded. ADHD, alcohol dependence, nicotine, cannabis, and cocaine were detected. Descriptive statistics and χ2 were used.
Results: One hundred patients were recruited, mean age 37 years (± 8.1); 42% presented a diagnosis of ADHD, with alcohol dependence 66.6%, nicotine dependence 69.04%, cocaine use and/or cannabis 19.09%. The group without ADHD reported 48.27% risk alcohol consumption, 75.86% nicotine dependence, and no consumption of other substances. Association between ADHD was found and alcohol abuse (p = 0.002), cannabis, cocaine’s or both (p = 0.007), for nicotine (p = 0.269).
Conclusions: The prevalence of ADHD in patients with addictions is 42%. Adults with ADHD have cognitive and social problems.
Keywords: Adult. Alcoholism. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Men. substance-related disorders. Tobacco use disorder.
