Causality of cognitive impairment in cardiac surgery patients treated in a third-level care hospital

Causality of cognitive impairment in cardiac surgery patients treated in a third-level care hospital

Angélica Porras-Juárez 1 , Nancy R. Bertado-Ramírez 2 , Susana Barrera-Hernández 3 , Arturo García-Galicia 2 , Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín 4 , José A. Parra-Salazar 5 , Sandra Maldonado-Castañeda 6

1 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México; 2 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Pue., México; 3 Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social; 4 Dirección de Educación e Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Gral. de Div. Manuel Ávila Camacho, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Puebla, México; 5 Dirección General, Hospital de Especialidades de Puebla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Puebla, México; 6 Modelo de Atención a la Salud para el Bienestar, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Bienestar. Puebla, Pue., México

*Correspondence: Álvaro J. Montiel-Jarquín. Email: alvaro.montielj@imss.gob.mx

Abstract

Background: Postoperative cognitive impairment in cardiac patients is characterized by the loss of some mental functions and a negative impact on quality of life, so it is necessary to define the associated factors.

Objective: Identify the causal factors associated with the cognitive deterioration of post-operative patients in a tertiary care hospital.

Material and methods: Analytical study. Cognitive impairment was studied in 33 patients who met inclusion criteria, from October 2023 to August 2024. The Mini-Mental test was applied for cognitive assessment, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), extracorporeal circulation time, days of stay in intensive care unit and comorbidity. The SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. The causal association was determined by the odds ratio (OR).

Results: Thirty percent of patients had cognitive impairment. For the age factor, an OR of 1.3 was obtained, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.25-6.71. For the BMI factor, an OR of 1.9 was calculated, with a 95% CI: 0.34-10.4. Both statistically significant associations.

Conclusions: The causal factors associated with cognitive impairment were age and BMI; no causal association was found with the rest of the variables.

Keywords: Risk. Cognitive impairment. Cardiac surgery. Late postoperative period.

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